How to Install Windows 10 onto Mac OSX El Capitan using Bootcamp

Using Boot Camp to install Windows 7 on your Mac: The Complete Walkthrough by Ross McKillop on January 15, 2009 Somewhat similar to the walkthrough and now thethis tutorial will take you every step of the way through installing Microsoft Windows 7 on your Intel Mac running 10.
Having a book handy will also help kill time during the partitioning, installing etc.
First thing — close absolutely every open program you can.
That includes those things running in the Apple Menu that you always forget about.
It provides all the troubleshooting info you need to resolve partitioning issues.
Then select the Drive options advanced link.
The rest of the Windows 7 installation process is very straight forward.
WiFi will work immediately no drivers to install so connect to the Internet.
Windows 7 will then begin to download updates, including the proper video card driver.
Let it do its thing.
When prompted, select Run setup.
To do so, just follow the few steps in.
When your Mac boots, hold down the Option key to select which Operating System you want to boot into.
After several attempts I concluded that it was going to be possible with my generation of iMac the one before the current gen.
I deal with a similar problem.
Strangely it was working fine before I inserted the Leopard Disk 1 and mac os x drivers for windows 7 the driver update.
Partitioning in particular can give you a ton of errors, and takes forever if something is wrong.
I wonder what could be causing this.
Maybe try deleting the bluetooth driver and having it revert to the default?
I have left it there for 10 minutes but nothing seems to happen.
This is the first reboot after step 8.
No reformatting, rebooting, etc is necessary.
I was not able to get a definitive nswer anywhere.
Click Continue at the first screen.
I have left it there for 10 minutes but nothing seems to happen.
This is the first reboot after step 8.
I have the the following: Model Name: iMac Model Identifier: iMac6,1 Processor Name: Intel Mac os x drivers for windows 7 2 Duo Processor Speed: 2.
Has anyone been able to get it to work and if so, how?
I installed the necessary drivers from the mac os x disc and for some reason there is no audio output from the internal speakers.
Can anyone please help me?
After install, mine was around 10G.
I saved 2G by turning off hibernation.
The solution was to download and install the latest RealTek driver 2.
Please note that the vendors site is very slow so the download may take a while.
After installing this the sounds starting working for me right away.
I tried again……It was the same disk that failed initially but suddenly it started working.
No idea why the problem would occur.
The only problem was the sound which you can see in my previous post that I have solved.
Windows 7 is one suave looking operating system and for a beta release it works very well.
I installed W7 in Parallels mac os x drivers for windows 7 without Bootcamp and it seems to work just fine.
My macbook is the 1.
The 32 bit works fine for me.
I received the same error as above.
I tried some of the solutions on other sites,such as reburning the dvd,but no go.
I can see that the R2.
I had the exact same problem on 32bit but installing this driver solved my problem.
Link is you need to click High Definition Audio Codecs and then Accept.
I downloaded the Executable version.
Can I burn the iso from my Air via the Superdrive?
Got the external drive from my Fujitsu Lifebook to both recognize the disc and be recognized by the MacBook Air.
Downloading the Realtek driver did the trick for me.
However i still need the drivers for iSight, Bluetooth, and touchpad.
Sound worked for me right out of the box with Windows 7 build 7000 and so did Bluetooth and WiFi.
I only have trouble getting iSight to work.
Downloaded the Realtek driver and the sound worked.
Thought abot trying it, but want to see if anyone else has had experience with it.
Thanks to everyone for all the great support.
Bluetooth, however, works just fine, even before the Boot Camp driver installation.
The file extesion is still.
Am I missing a step?
Fixed things for me: I had to right click on the device when it was found in bluetooth sync part, and then there is an option for Human Control Devices.
Mice, Keyboards etc… I ticked that box and afterwards Windows 7 installed the Apple Keyboard and everything was hunky dory.
On the left side top panel, you see the disk drives on the system.
Directly below you should have a list of.
If the file you want to burn is not listed, click on the Burn icon at the top and find the file.
If you use the Burn icon at the top, just find and select the file and click Burn.
Insert a blank disk and you should be good to go.
I got it to work though.
Apparently you need to burn through the utility.
Is there anyway to get the tap click to work on Windows?
Verify that you have sufficient privileges to start system services.
I will report back shortly.
I have installed W7 on my macbook alu.
Anyone else have this problem and have fixed it?
Any Help would be greatly appreciated!
Solved a lot of my probs.
Any help would be great, thanks!
When I try to run setup.
I did an upgrade of Vista 64 bit within the bootcamp partition and the first thing that happens is a compatiblility check.
A couple of things were noted.
Kaspersky 7 can not be on the system and needed to be removed before the upgrade would start.
Windows Mail would not work.
I removed Kaspersky and tried again, getting the later 2 warnings again.
This time the installation went ahead.
It took a couple of hours to upgrade and move all the files.
Keyboard, Mouse, Memory sticks, etc.
There were no drivers on the web to correct this problem.
The following issues are preventing Windows from upgrading.
Cancel the upgrade, complete each task, and then restart the upgrade to continue.
For these items, make the following changes: Uninstall these programs.
Please confirm if anyone is experiencing the same problem.
My second install and mistake was trying a clean install from Boot Camp.
Reading on another site, the way I needed to install Win7 was from within Vista but selecting a custom Clean install.
I loaded the Boot Camp 64bit drivers 2.
All devices except the Realtek Audio worked.
To fix the No Sound problem I headed over to Guru3d.
That worked like a charm.
All is good, good luck to those still searching.
I must be doing it wrong.
I got the same results whether I left the files on the disk, or if i copied to the hard drive.
Another error which has come up, which is slightly annoying, is that now whenever I switch back to the mac, the clock gets set 5 hours earlier than it should be.
The only thing I needed to do was download the RealTek.
I downloaded the Win 7 file and sucessfully installed it.
Due to other issues, I had to delete it and now cannot get it going again.
I do select the Custom installation as I did the first time I installed it.
The partition went fine, and I have updated my system to the most recent updates.
Any help as to how I might be able to get it working would be appreciated.
So i cant run setup.
I tried downloading the correct drivers, running the setup program says no hardware foundthen applying the drivers directly on the device manager to no avail.
I have burned the iso file called 7000.
I am up and running Win7 beta.
My grandmother gave it to me and I do not have a Mac install disk for it, nor can I afford to purchase one.
Use the program InstEd www.
Copy the whole directory tree from the Leopard installation disk BootCamp drivers to the harddisk and replace the original BootCamp.
Open the preferences menu of the file and activate the vista compatibility mode.
Note: A sound driver error will occure during installation.
Everything will work fine after installation.
Run the Apple Software Update and update the touchpad driver.
Activate the right click option with 2 fingers in the bootcamp control panel.
Note: It will only work with 3 fingers when you activate the 2 finger right click option.
Without the 2 finger right click option enabled the right click is not working at all.
Activate Aero effects by running the speed test in the vista control panel.
Known issues: Sound effects are not entirely pure and clear!
Maybe there is a better driver available directly from the manufacturer of the soundcard.
I hope this little step-by-step guide helps!
My problem is that there is no option in the Boot Camp control panel to turn on the multi touch features.
Any clues on what went wrong?
There ist just the option to emulate the right click.
To get the drivers for the MultiTouch trackpad working, install them as mentioned above and update them via the Apple Software Updater.
Other things are not supported as far as I know.
Besides I have to say that any version of Windows works best on the MacBook with an external mouse.
Does anybody have better experiences?
Notice the sold blue scroll bars and the new stacks view beside the settings icon in the finder window.
After that run the Apple Software Updater again and update the drivers for the MultiTouch trackpad.
Restart your Mac and now you should have the tab in the preferences.
This should work … if not … hmm ….
Not able to connect my apple bluetooth mouse or keyboard.
Anyone seen any solutions to this?
I needed run the Apple64 setup program, which is buried in the Apple folder on the disc.
It gave me a warning about compatibility, which I ignored, and then I downloaded and installed the boot camp 2.
That gave me working sound, iSight, ir remote, and hardware other goodies like keyboard and mouse drivers.
After than Win7 starts up rather quickly.
Has anyone managed to solve the slow boot time problem?
Mice, Keyboards etc… I ticked that box and afterwards Windows 7 installed the Apple Keyboard and everything was hunky dory.
People that end up with a.
Put your blank disk in, select it in the Disk Utility, then click the burn icon.
An error came up when i run setup.
It will help you to install all necessary things in windows 7.
I have had no luck getting the keyboard to work correctly.
No eject and no fn key.
Has anyone else had this problem and solved it??
It may have fixed the audio problem you warned about.
Where are these drivers coming from my Sys.
If they are coming from the original Sys.
When I try to install the BootCamp driver disc, it quits the installer with the error code 2229.
Anybody know, how to solve this?
I recentley installed Windows 7 using bootcamp.
I am currently on my windows os and need to switch back to Mac os.
My wireless ketboard is disconnected and it wont let me click options in boot up to go baack to mac os.
I have connected a usb keyboard and mouse and it has the same problem but i am able to use it on my windows login.
The bootcamp wont run on my windows since its a 64 bit.
I used to have no sound but installed the RealTek drivers and all is fine there.
I installed the Apple update for the trackpad in Bootcamp, still no right click ability.
Namely I get a black screen, completely blank when I try to boot into Windows.
I installed 7 fine, no problems, however, when i put my Leopard install disk in, nothing happens.
I go to my comp, and check there, click the cd, and its blank.
No error, nothing, just blank.
Tried to boot Win7 in safe mode would not complete the install.
From here I was able to run Win7 in low resolution but at least internet worked.
Then I tried Vista 169.
Anyone else with any thoughts on Nvidia drivers?
Anyone know why it happens as described above when I try to install?
If so, have you come up with a solution for this one?
My computer a early 2009 Mac Book Pro.
The only way I can get the disc out of the drive is to reboot and press the eject button at the after the chimes.
What do I have to do to get to step 9?
I got my install disc out.
I have a MacBook purchased last October.
I also had my Time Machine backup.
Things seem to work great!
Glad anyone could help or point me in the right direction.
The only option I have then is to erase the whole disk.
And of course Disk Utility will not recombine the two partitions.
Any clues please on how to get the space back and start over?
None of my games within Steam want to load either.
Or do none of you game on a mac?
The Windows 7, 64 bitis really fast and neat.
I am trying to get it installed on my new MacBook Pro 17 with Bootcamp.
Yet it is there setup.
The disc spins a bit and than… nothing.
I tried it over 10 times now, and it still doesnt work.
So I thought, maybe my fresh burned Windows 7 copy would do the trick, but this one doesnt even make into the install process.
Am I doing something wrong, or are my Windows discs just screwed?
Has anyone out there got a solution to our problems?
Instead of partitioning my Mac Drives?
I am providing this guide because I spent literally days fixing various problems most related to bad drivers.
If I can save you the Nightmare I had it will be worth my time to write this guide for you!
It would be nice if the Apple cared a bit more about the Windows people they are trying to win over but anyway we are greatful for Boot Camp even if it is as buggy as hell.
Suddenly it no longer worked!
Install Boot Camp version 2.
After Installation update the following drivers to these versions or newer : Broadcom 802.
Problems Fixed By Doing These Updates ————————————— Bootcamp KbdMgr.
If it drops then this work around applies to you.
Open the Boot Camp directory in your Program Files directory.
Create a shortcut to the new name from from your desktop.
Wireless Problems —————— The Broadcom 802.
The driver that causes this problem is version 4.
Music or sound stutters or slows on playback.
The driver that causes this problem is version 4.
Apple Touch Pad Problems ————————- The drivers supplied on the Boot Camp disc from Apple work but do not install correctly for some unknown reason but the drivers do work once you get them installed.
The driver install files are : AppleMultiTouchTrackPad.
Adjust the wheel scrolling speed to one line at a time under mouse properties in the control panel.
However if you are still having problems you can try the General Driver Installation Tips.
If not try and fix them first.
I had a Logitech Mouse driver that was not working and suddenly when I fixed that at least half my Apple drivers started working.
There was probably a resource conflict or some other relationship between the Logitech driver and the Apple Drivers.
This is very useful when nothing you seem to do works.
Sometimes you must physically delete the old driver file so that windows will correctly install the new one.
We have manage to create a big enough partition for W7 via Boot Camp, but it does not want to read the exe file to start the W7 installation.
It shows the files on the disk, but if you click the file, nothing happens.
After you confirm you did that, it will reboot the machine and your instillation process will begin.
All the drivers installed in a few moments!
Try and see if it works, folks.
It works on my Macbook Late 2008.
Great stuff keep it up!!!!!!!
What am I doing wrong?
What version of bootcamp am I supposed to have?
What exactly did you burn onto your disk?
Sound works right off the bet.
Did an exhaustive google search.
Found the same discussion on Apple site.
I got Windows 7 installed just fine on my Macbook Pro.
Using Boot Camp — Go through the process — it instals to a point where I get a black screen with choices to restart in safe mode etc.
Have not yet been asked for magic numbers Can not get past this window to finish installation.
Its just like being back in my old Windows 3.
I want to install windows 7 64 bit to make use of my 4 gigs ram.
Could i boot from the cd and install from there?
Or would I have to these steps to repartition and such?
I was able to obtain windows 7 via download, so I do not posses a disk.
When it rebooted the screen said that it was starting Windows then the screen went blank, so I can not finish installing.
Does anyone have some thoughts.
The superdrive spins up for a bit and the mouse pointer spins, the superdrive slows down as if its stop spinning and the mouse pointer continues to spin as if it is doing something.
I waited for some time and nothing changes.
I called Apple support and they said it wont install because the update for bootcamp hasnt came out yet to support windows 7.
That i would have to wait some time untill the end of the year to get it.
I dont understand how they have all these how to install windows 7 and all these forums of people installing windows 7 via bootcamp, when Apple is saying its impossible.
Sound is not workingvery very slow.
But I can here voice through hard phone looks like problem with driver, I didnot find any driver in site.
A mouse will show up on screen.
Follow these instructions and everything should work.
I have the same problem.
When it rebooted the screen said that it was starting Windows then the screen went blank, so I can not finish installing.
Does anyone have some thoughts.
I did run into a slight hick-up where the screen went black after step 12.
Steps to do so are here: Cheers!
The only thing I noticed was the first few times I rebooted the system came back up in Windows 7.
If I hold down the Option key at boot up I get the disk option start up window and can choose Windows 7 a minor inconvenience unless i forget to hold down the key.
I was just wondering why it worked for a while and then stopped working.
Guess I will have to live with it since it is running so nice.
Just hope it is not the beginning of possible problems down the road.
Anyone else experiencing the same issue?
Please anyone help me johniesilver hotmail.
Windows 7 installed successfully and I have also installed the boot camp and it runs smoothly.
However, the wifi disappear and not even in the device manager, can you advise how can I get back my wifi?
Save it as an application and put it in your dock.
It is telling me to insert the windows 7 disc and once i click start installation it restarts the computer but screen goes blank with a courser blinking ….
Anyone know of a way to get it to work?
Is there another way I can install the sound drivers without the leopard disc?
I guess an Updated Boot Camp will cure some of these issues.
I installed windows 7 ultimate on my new unbody white macbook, everything works fine, except the wireless, no wireless is picked up, any ideas, ive tried drives but nothing has worked, please help!!!!!!
Thank you for a thoroughly accurate walkthorugh.
Installed like a charm with no problems.
I also had to provoke Windows to get updates.
Thanks for the write up!
This helped me a lot and I installed windows 7 ultimate on my new macbook pro perfectly, without any problems and almost in half the time which was told above.
Great for playing games, runs most valve games flawlessly, fallout 3 looks gorgeous on it, and i was even able to play crysis!
I ve installed windows 7 and it worked.
My Mac Pro is rebooting only to Windows.
It has a wireless Apple keyboard which windows is not recognizing.
Now, either y keyboard should be identified by Winodws after the boot up, or I have to get my Mac after a reboot.
Follow the url to get it.
This is very help full to the mac users who ever stuck with some driver issue….
Everything went well, except 2 problems: 1 Same as many people from what I see here above: no wifi available once windows7 install is completed.
It seems the hardware was not installed.
I had also a error on the network controller, that windows7 was not able to fix.
I switched off the computer, it started and installation resumed exactly where It was stuck before.
I am using windows7 for more than 4 hours, installed several updates, softwares.
Made several reboots, everything is working perfectly… so far.
Just to let you know… Configuration: macbook late2009 version.
Would really like to know….
Other than that though, everything seems ok.
What can I do, if my win7 fold up?
Thank you, I really wish some Apple fellows werw like you.
Everytrhing went fine during install, Windows 7 is working fine, but I have one small issue.
I did some research, but, although the problem is prevalent, no one has a good answer.
Can anyone here help me?
I only have 1 problem — when i adjust the screen resolution it shrinks the usable area instead of making everything look pixelated and stuff.
How do i solve this?
Is it a graphics card thing?
Windows says my graphics card drivers are installed correctly but i dont know if its correct or if i have to manually choose the correct driver please help!!
My initial suggestion is to re-install the graphics drivers that come with bootcamp 3.
First, I tried to install the 64-bit Windows 7.
This walk through should mention that you should only try the 32-bit version of Windows 7 when you install.
Until I can get ahold of someone from Microsoft support I am screwed.
Everything but the included bluetooth keyboard and mouse work.
Luckily I have a few wired keyboards and a wired mouse spare but I still for the life of me cant get the normal bluetooth keyboard and mouse up and running.
They show up on the bluetooth device finder as well.
The thing is, I am able to perform all the mentioned step untill no.
I had a nice easy install and I am not an overly technical person.
When I was done the audio on Windows did not work at all.
I found this link and Voula!
Now I have the option to switch back and forth.
Why waste the money I have spent on the Windows program?
Got to say its great being able to run the 2 operating systems together.
Keep up the good work, thumbs up.
It failed the first time as the mouse would not work but I had a spare mouse and plugged it in and was able to click accept the rules and regulations and the process went as described.
Great help and the only thing that does not work is the MacIntosh Miracle mouse.
All other drivers work great and I actually prefer the wireless Microsoft Mouse I used to get Windows to work better than the Magic Mouse but I do have a TrackPad I much prefer for the MacIntosh side of the partition.
Anyone know why this could be?
Restore your information to the disk and try using Boot Camp Assistant again.
I am halfway there and seems to be going fine.
It is the best walkthrough I have ever had to use for something that is actually quite tricky.
Keep up the good work!
Now that I got the sonund when running windows on my mac, I have somehow lost sound when I switch back to the Mac Partician… What that about?
Please eject the disk, restart, and continue from there.
But experienced a few caveats.
My advices are: -Use a Windows 7 32 bit installation dvd.
The 32 bit win7 worked fine.
Recreated the image by making an iso from the dvd, then reburning that iso to a new dvd with ImgBurn on another Windows machine and voila.
Followed steps exactly as you laid out and was done in about 1 hour.
Very glad I found this.
After five hours I am tird and ready to give up.
And it is maybe why!
But I have found Parallels to be a much easier solution, and a superior one too.
There is no need to dual boot.
Also, wired and WiFi work, sound works, printers work, et cetera, right out of the box.
Very easy step by step documentation… since I was new to Apple Mac.
I struggled to get the windows 7 dvd ejected out of system… after some search found that holding two fingers on trackpad while reboot will eject the dvd out.
Can I get that setup.
What must be the problem?
Apple will not help as well a microsoft.
Does anyone have a fix for this issue.
Problem solved and Windows 7 will be properly installed.
The Tutorial seems to be based on installing Win7 home or something.
So I only had a gig left.
So ultimate takes up a lot more space.
I had to delete the partition and start again.
Time consuming, but atleast once you do it you realize how easy it is.
I really need help on how to connect to the internet.
I have left it there for 10 minutes but nothing seems to happen.
Very important to Section 12 of your instructions for many users: If the expanding files percent counter remains on zero percent 0% please wait up to 10 minutes to 1%.
The process of expanding to 1% takes a while.
Thanks for your efforts and detailed info.
As per your screenshots we can see that the Aero style graphics are not being enabled even after drivers installation.
Could you please provide some inputs on this.
Whether installing windows 7 via Bootcamp supports Aero Style features or not.?

This is a non-biased and incomplete comparison of Linux and Windows.
It can serve as an introduction to Linux for Windows users.
I created it while learning about Linux as a sort of personal cheat-sheet.
The topics are in no particular order.
Flavors This topic was last revised April 2007 Both Windows and Linux come in many flavors.
All the flavors of Windows come from Microsoft, the various distributions of Linux come from different companies i.
Windows has two main lines.
Going back in time, Windows 3.
And before that, there were earlier versons of Windows, but they were not popular.
Support for Windows 2000 is partial as of April 2007.
The flavors of Linux are referred to as distributions often shortened to 'distros'.
All the Linux distributions released around the same time frame will use the same kernel the guts of the Operating System.
Both Linux and Windows come in desktop and server editions.
There may be too many distributions of Linux, it's possible that this is hurting Linux in the marketplace.
It could be that the lack of a Linux distro from a major computer company is also hurting it in the marketplace.
Currently there seem to be many nice things said about the Ubuntu distribution.
Linux is customizable in a way that Windows is not.
For one, the user interface, while similar in concept, varies in detail from distribution to distribution.
For example, the task bar may default to being on the top or the bottom.
Also, there are many special purpose versions of Linux above and beyond the full blown distributions described above.
This ultra small edition of Linux is capable of networking, file sharing and being a web server.
See a screen shot of and in action from the Wal-Mart web site.
Of the major Linux distributions, Lindows has made their user interface look more like Windows than the others.
Then too, there is which really makes Linux look like Windows.
While advanced users can customize things to their liking, it makes things harder on new users for whom every Linux computer they encounter may look and act differently.
Text Mode Interface This is also known as a command interpreter.
Linux users refer to it as a shell.
Each version of Windows has a single command interpreter, but the different flavors of Windows have different interpreters.
Others are the Korn shell, the Bourne shell, ash and the C shell pun, no doubt, intended.
Cost For desktop or home use, Linux is very cheap or free, Windows is expensive.
For server use, Linux is very cheap compared to Windows.
Microsoft allows a single copy of Windows to be used on only one computer.
In contrast, once you have purchased Linux, you can run it on any number of computers for no additional charge.
The irony here is that Windows rose to dominance, way back when, in large part by undercutting the competition Macs on cost.
Now Linux may do the same thing to Windows.
You can buy a Linux book and get the operating system included with the book for free.
Both these options however, come without technical support.
All versions of the distribution are free.
After the initial cost or lack thereof of obtaining software, there is the ongoing cost of its care and feeding.
He was quoted as 'It takes fewer people to manage the Linux machines than Windows machines.
However, one of the authors of the study accused Microsoft of by selecting scenarios that are more expensive to maintain on Linux.
I don't know if there will ever be an objective measure of the ongoing care and feeding costs for Linux vs.
Nothing need be said about getting Windows.
As for Linux, you can buy a computer with it pre-installed, but usually not at major retailers.
In large part though, these were server computers targeted at businesses not consumers.
Linux pre-installed on consumer machines has been hit or miss, mostly miss.
But, there are signs that this is changing see the next topic - low cost laptops - for more on this.
There seems to be as of November 2007 a new trend in targeting Linux for consumers.
This could be a Windows Vista backlash.
Plus, it's expensive both for the hardware and the software.
And they are much cheaper, both for hardware and software reasons.
The Linux interface can be customized, and every company selling a Linux based machine customizes the look and feel.
Some go for simplicity hoping the machine can be used by children and non-techies.
And trying one is not as risky a proposition as you might think.
Wal-Mart was a very early player when it came to selling computers running Linux.
In November 2007after backing away from it.
Shortly after its release, it.
I have used this machine.
I hated it - for the software not for the hardware.
I don't think these were big successes.
The is small, silent and cheap.
Service plans include continuous online backup.
In June 2007 Dell started selling consumer machines with Ubuntu Linux pre-installed.
As of December 2007 they sell machines with Ubuntu Linux version 7.
As of July 2008, Dell was still offering Ubuntu 7.
Also as of July 2008, Dell also offers Red Hat and Novell Linux on various machines.
In January 2008 Shuttle introduced a running Foresight Linux 2.
Like all Shuttles, it's small: 6.
In August 2007 Lenovo announced plans to sell laptop computers with Linux pre-installed.
They ran a Linux distribution from Novell and went on sale in January 2008.
I blogged about in May 2008.
In September 2008, Lenovo backed off, they no longer offer Linux pre-installed.
Even their small business desktop machines are all Windows.
They only sell server versions of Linux.
The Netbook market has grown and expanded immensely.
An exciting new trend is the appearance of Linux pre-installed in many new lost-cost laptop computers.
The most popular example of this is the which was released in November 2007.
I have briefly used one and it's very impressive.
I used one and hated it.
That said, it is targeted at children in developing countries and being an adult living in New York, I'm not the target audience.
As far as I can tell you can't buy one anyway as of January 2008.
It is being sold at Wal-Mart, Newegg and TigerDirect, and ZaReason.
It will weigh two pounds and the size is approximately 9' x 7' x 1'.
Quoting Intel they are 'mobile personal learning devices for primary students ages 5-14 in emerging markets.
I've read that this was out of fear by Intel that low cost Linux laptops would cut into their profit margins.
As far as I can tell, they are not being sold in the United States.
Zonbu but it is a full size machine with a 15.
If I had to bet, I'd say that low cost Linux laptops will take off.
The cost, simplicity and portability are likely to be the big appeal.
Not to mention immunity from most malicious software and the lack of a normal disk that increases the battery life and makes the machine more rugged.
I've read that Intel is working on a new processor called Silverthorne for now that will be cheap and engergy efficient and may spurn more cheap Linux laptops to appear on the market.
Then, there is a 'recovery' install, which is not an install in the true sense of the word but rather the restoration of a disk image backup.
Existing data files and applications should not be affected by the upgrade to the newer edition of Windows.
This is used to fix a broken copy of Windows and existing data files and applications are not affected.
All data files are wiped out.
All applications installed since the computer was new, are wiped out.
All upgrades to Windows itself patches, service packs are lost.
Applications pre-installed by the computer manufacturer are restored.
Now it is normally done from a hidden area of the hard disk.
Then there is Windows Vista where much has changed.
I'm not familiar with the install options for Vista.
Andy Pennell, a Microsoft employee, wrote about his problems installing Vista on June 21, 2007.
At least that was the plan.
Installing Vista on a computer with an existing copy of Windows, with the intention of dual-booting, is much trickier than it used to be with earlier versions of Windows.
There is a huge variation in the Linux installation procedure.
Different distributions of Linux have their own installation programs which may even change with different versions of the same distribution.
I'm sure that installing Linux is getting easier all mac os x drivers for windows 7 time.
While I haven't done it all that often, I have seen it become easier over time.
Is it easy enough for you?
The system would only run at 640x480 and things went downhill from there.
Or, you can use a program to totally wipe everything off the hard disk before installing Linux.
The free Darik's Boot and Nuke is fairly famous for this.
Better yet, the hard disk vendor should have a free utility that not only wipes the hard disk but also can run diagnostics on the disk.
You can also buy a new computer without any operating system.
Nothing there is cheap however.
Installing Linux for dual booting, that is, keeping the existing operating system in tact, is probably best left to techies.
You need to be familiar with hard disk partitions and some Linux terminology.
In his Linux book, Mark Minasi said that installing Linux on a desktop computer was more likely to be successful than on a laptop computer.
According to the company, the drive is configured to support persistence, but it is not the default option.
However, at bootup you can select persistence if you want.
That said, the company noted in an email that versions of Ubuntu prior to Intreped were 'somewhat buggy with persistence'.
To run Windows, it has to first be installed to your hard disk.
However, this is not from Microsoft and is only intended to fix a broken copy of Windows, it is not for everyday use.
Some, such as Lindows, do not write anything at all to your hard disk, making it the safest and easiest way to experience Linux.
What you give up in safety, you gain in speed.
Virtual machines let you run multiple operating systems on one computer at the same time.
You can't beat it virtual machines are used to run Windows on the Intel based Macs.
Using the free you can download pre-built Linux virtual machines.
Creating virtual machines costs money, but playing them does not.
Now it can be done for free.
Now mac os x drivers for windows 7 can get a pre-installed virtual copy ofand.
Even better, many pre-built Linux virtual machines come with pre-installed applications.
For years you could have installed Linux into a new virtual machine.
It is a great way to learn and experiment.
You can also download new, empty virtual machines from.
Microsoft also has free virtual machine software but there are no-prebuilt virtual machines for it.
Needless to say, Microsoft is not going to provide Linux virtual machines and they make a lot of money selling Windows so they're not going to give it away.
Yet another way to run Linux without installing it is from a flash drive a.
In fact, does even more tricks.
It can run from within Windows!
I'm not sure if this is still available.
And work is ongoing on creating as of March 2007.
Application Software This topic was revised in May 2008 There is more application software available for Windows.
Then again, there may be sufficient Linux software for your needs.
The exception are Linux distributions that are small on purpose such as Damn Small Linux or Pen Drive Linux.
On one extreme, I have seen a new Sharp laptop machine that came with no software other than Windows itself.
However, there are two problems with the pre-installed application software on Windows computers.
First, much of it is junk.
So much, that a new term 'crapware' is being used to describe it.
Windows computers sold to businesses tend to have less undesirable application software pre-installed compared to computers sold to consumers.
I have never heard of anyone complaining about the software that comes pre-installed in the normal, popular versions of Linux.
Second, important software is often missing or old.
In February 2008, I a new Lenovo computer that came with terribly old versions of application software.
On the Linux side, to get a feel for the application software that comes with Ubuntu version 8.
Application software installation: The installation of applications under Windows, while not standardized, is generally consistent and generally pretty easy.
Installing software under Linux varies with each distribution and has not been nearly as simple, easy or obvious as Windows.
A couple articles from 2004 griped about how hard it was to install software in Liunx: The of the Langa list newsletter and a July 4, 2004 review of Linux in the Washington Post where Rob Pegoraro called application software installation 'Linux's biggest embarrassment'.
That said, current Linux distributions have an application somewhat akin to Windows update that can be used to install software.
I don't have much experience doing this.
For example, Microsoft makes a version of Office for Windows and another version for the Mac.
They are two different products, each capable of only running on the operating system it was designed for.
There is no version of Microsoft Office for Linux.
On the other hand, some programs, such as Firefox, are available for multiple operating systems.
Firefox runs on Linux, Windows, Macs and more.
The process of making a new version of a program that will run on a different operating system is called 'porting'.
But there are other ways to get a program to run on an operating system other than the one it was designed for.
Virtual Machines The most ambitious approach is to install one operating system inside another.
Perhaps the most popular mac os x drivers for windows 7 of this is with Intel based Macintosh computers.
Software from Parallels Parallels Desktop 3.
Windows is referred to as the guest operating system.
This approach is called Virtual Machines.
Assorted virtual machine software is available that lets Linux, Macs and Windows operate as either the host or guest operating system.
Somewhat like a split personality, one computer can run two or more operating systems at the same time.
Virtual Machine products from these companies differ in their supported host and guest operating systems.
The simplest example is probably which lets you run Internet Explorer versions 6 and 5 under Linux.
For more, see by Brian Smith Oct 11, 2007.
While this approach does less, it does not require a Windows license.
Codeweavers has a and a.
Since Crossover Office is a commercial product, it is not included in the free distributions of Linux.
CrossOver is based on the project.
After 15 years of development, the first 'finished' version of Wine was released in June 2008 see.
Wine is, to a computer nerd, very interesting.
It lets Windows applications run under Linux without a copy of Windows and without any virtualization.
Wine does not, and will not, provide 100% compatibility; it will never run all Windows applications perfectly.
Even applications that it runs well, may not have all their features and functions available.
The Wine Project maintains and how well they run under Wine.
LifeHacker did a good intro to Wine in June 2008:.
As far as I know, the first Linux distribution that could run Windows applications was Lindows.
As far back as October 2002, Linux Desktop v1.
The combination of CrossOver Office and WineX should let you run many Windows programs under Linux.
In July 2004 TransGaming gave WineX a new name, Cedega, and announced support some DirectX 9 games.
Net applications to run on Linux.
On still another front, Adobe Air lets you run the same application on multiple Operating Systems.
Interesting article on whether running Windows applications under Linux is a good idea: by Bruce Byfield February 26, 2008.
Server Based Applications There is yet another approach to crossing the operating system divide that goes by the names Terminal Services, Server Based Computing and Thin Client Computing.
This approach runs applications on a server and sends a picture of the output to another client computer.
From the client computer, keystrokes and mouse movements are sent back to the server.
This approach is totally dependent on a network.
Windows applications are run by a server version of Windows and use the Terminal Services feature to communicate with a client computer.
Depending on the software used, the client computer may be running Linux or Windows or a Mac.
The all Microsoft solution can be supplemented with software from other companies Citrix being the market leader to provide advanced features.
Security Created November 2008 The vast majority of malicious software of all types runs on Windows.
I don't know the actual percentages, but it wouldn't surprise me if it was 98% or so.
Windows users are burdened with the need for anti-virus and anti-spyware software.
Windows, on the other hand, started life as a single user system, with that single user being all-powerful.
This is all changing for the better, but it took Microsoft far too long to adopt this default-secure configuration practice.
I've also been told that most versions of Linux do not allow the root user to login automatically.
Windows, in contrast, is happy to let an Administrative user auto-login.
However, this depends on the number of users defined to Windows.
Both Linux and Windows can group users into groups finally, something well named and assign privileges to the group rather than to each individual user.
Linux privileges are basically whether you can read, modify or execute a file.
Files in Linux are always owned by a specific user and group.
I won't swear by this Very often Windows users use an Administrator class userid which gives viruses total access to their system see from Microsoft.
This obviates the security rules discussed above.
In contrast, Linux users often run as regular non-root users which not only means better security it also means that, if they get a virus, the operating system greatly restricts what the virus can do.
Both cases failed because there were too many programs that did not function correctly when run by a restricted Windows user.
While Linux has supported the concept of root and restricted users from the get-go, this is a relatively new thing to Windows.
It will be a long time before all Windows software is designed to be used by a restricted user.
Until then, viruses and malware will have free reign on Windows machines.
Certainly software written for Windows 95, 98 and Me expects total system access and may not work when run from a restricted userid.
See also by John Lettice October 22, 2004 in The Register by Nicholas Petreley October 22, 2004 Bugs All software has and will have bugs programming mistakes.
Linux has a reputation for fewer bugs than Windows, but it certainly has its fair share.
This is a difficult thing to judge and finding an impartial source on this subject is also difficult.
Fred Langa wrote an interesting article on whether Linux or Windows has fewer bugs in.
The article also addressed whether known bugs are fixed faster with Linux or Windows.
In brief, he felt that bugs used to be fixed faster in Linux, but that things have slowed down.
It is their ball, their bat and their field.
This is not true with an open source operating system such as Linux.
No one can decree that a bug will not be fixed in a specific version of Linux.
Windows is developed by faceless programmers whose mistakes are hidden from the outside world because Microsoft does not publish the underlying code for Windows.
They consider it a trade secret.
In contrast, Linux is developed by hundreds of programmers all over the world.
They publish the source code for the operating system and any interested programmer, anywhere in the world can review it.
Besides the wide audience for peer review, there is likely to be pride of ownership on the part of the developers of Linux that can not exist with Windows.
The official term is 'egoboo' which refers to the rush a programmer gets from public recognition, especially for something done for free.
Bruce Perens commented on why open source software works well:.
They like to showcase their best stuff for their peers.
In open source, they can.
But at most corporations, their best work is hidden behind locked and guarded doors.
Note: Shortly after I revised this section, all heck broke loose on the Internet due to a bug in the Plug-and-Play portion of Windows see eWeek August 17, 2005.
On August 9, 2005 Microsoft issued a fix for this bug.
Within a week there were a dozen different malicious programs actively attacking computers without the bug fix.
Many large companies were hit.
No doubt, the world will never who caused all this grief.
When faceless programmers can hide behind a corporate wall, these things are more likely.
Microsoft claimed that the Plug-and-Play bug only affected Windows 2000.
Anti-virus companies claimed to have seen many other versions of Windows get infected.
Was Microsoft lying to minimize the bad publicity?
Were anti-virus companies trying to make their products seem more useful?
Without access to the source code for Windows, no one can know for sure.
I wonder if Microsoft fired the person s who wrote the buggy code or if they even know who did it?
Last updated August 2005 When is a new version of an Operating System done?
When a new version of an Operating System is being developed, someone, at some point, has to say 'enough is enough'.
Linux and Windows differ greatly in how this decision is made.
With Linux, the decision is made by a computer nerd with a public reputation to protect.
With Windows, the decision is made by business people with billions of dollars in profit at stake.
Be sure to read the excellent by Robert X.
The article argues in favor of Linux and ridicules comments by Steve Ballmer.
Addressing the 'Is it soup yet?
Linux, Linus Torvalds the nerd with the reputation to protect : ' Because the software is free, there is no pressure to release it before it is really ready just to achieve some sales target.
Every version of Linux is declared to be finished only when it is actually finished, which explains why it is so solid.
The other reason why free software is better is because the personal reputation of the developer is attached to every release.
No doubt, Microsoft defenders will cite the many months, if not years, that a new version of Windows is beta tested by thousands of people before it is released.
Microsoft defenders may also note that Windows is a frequent target of attack by the bad guys just because it is so widely employed.
But this just magnifies the fallout from any corners that may get cut on the way to releasing a new version of Windows.
He's Dead Jim August 2005 On the other end of the life cycle, just as a particular version of Windows gets reliable, and everyone gets used to its quirks and other software interfaces with it well, Microsoft walks away from it.
Not enough profit in it.
I am not familiar with the retirement policies of the various Linux vendors regarding old versions of their Linux distributions.
But at least there is choice in the Linux marketplace.
Supported Hardware Devices While Linux itself runs on many more computers than Windows, when it comes to hardware peripherals, many work with Windows but not with Linux.
The hardware vendors write drivers for Windows more often than they do for Linux.
Market share and all that.
Some hardware vendors will release technical specs so that someone in the Linux community can write a driver for the device, but other vendors aren't so open minded.
Everything isn't rosy in the Windows world however.
The exact same scenario played out all over again when Vista was released.
I think it's fair to say that hardware support was pretty lame when Vista was first released.
This is not a knock on Microsoft.
The poor hardware support in Linux is drastically illustrated in an article by Fred Langa.
He wrote about problems getting nine different Linux distributions versions to work correctly with two different sound cards one real, one virtual that all versions of Windows, even back to Windows 95, dealt with perfectly seeInformation Week magazine.
In September 2008 Jack Wallen, a Linux devotee, about this: 'One issue that is slowly becoming nonexistent is hardware support.
No one gets to change their mind with Linux.
It runs on a very wide range of computers, from the lowest of the low to the highest of the high.
The supported range of computers is all but stunning.
To get more mileage out of old hardware, Papa John's 2,900 pizzerias to Linux.
On the small side, the created a version of Linux that runs on Apple iPods.
Likewise MontaVista Software will release a version of its embedded Linux.
Web site seems to track this.
Clustering Linux has an edge here.
It has been used to make enormous clusters of computers.
In October 2002, ComputerWorld magazine : 'Linux clusters provide supercomputer-type performance at a fraction of the expense.
In March 2005, Forbes magazine reported that: 'Linux now has become so technically powerful that it lays claim to a prestigious title-it runs more of the world's top supercomputers than any other operating system.
Multiple Users Linux is a multi-user system, Windows is not.
That is, Windows is designed to be used by one person at a time.
Databases running under Windows allow concurrent access by multiple users, but the Operating System itself is designed to deal with a single human being at a time.
Linux, like all Unix variants, is designed to handle multiple concurrent users.
Windows, of course, can run many programs concurrently, as can Linux.
There is a multi-user version of Windows called Terminal Server but this is not the Windows pre-installed on personal computers.
Linux can do Windows networking, which means that a Linux computer can appear on a network of Windows computers and share its files and printers.
Linux machines can participate on a Windows based network and vice versa.
See By Larry Seltzer July 2002.
Hard Disk Partitions Last updated August 2006 Windows must be installed to and boot from a primary partition.
There are a maximum of four primary partitions on a single hard disk a computer with two hard disks can have eight primary partitions.
Linux is better in this regard as it can be installed to and boot from either a primary partition or a logical partition.
Logical partitions reside inside a special type of primary partition called an extended partition.
There is no practical limit to the number of logical partitions that can exist on a single hard disk.
Thus you can easily experiment with a dozen different Linux distributions by installing each one in a different logical partition.
Windows must boot from the first hard disk.
Here too Linux is better, it can boot from any hard disk in the computer.
Swap Files A swap file a.
Windows uses a hidden file for its swap file.
I'm not sure if this issue is clearly presented and explained when installing Linux.
Xandros v4, for example, may use a separate swap partition or not, depending on the partition environment it finds at install time.
Xandros 4 does not explain any of this.
I don't know how Linux chooses a default swap file size.
Be aware that this window violates user interface standards.
I don't know how to change the size of a Linux swap file.
Linux also has a number of its own native file systems.
The default file system for Linux used to be ext2, now it is typically ext3.
Added December 2008: The ext3 file system is being replaced by.
Among the improvements in ext4 is an increase in the maximum filesystem size from 16 terabytes in ext3 to one.
The largest file in ext3 is 2 terabytes, in ext4 it is 16 terabytes.
OpenSolaris includes which seems like a drastic change in file system design.
File systems can be either journaled or not.
Non-journaled systems are subject to problems when stopped abruptly.
After a crash, they should be examined by their respective health check utilities Scan Disk or Check Disk or fsck.
In contrast, when a journaled file system is stopped abruptly, recovery is automatic at the next reboot.
Linux supports several journaled file systems: ext3, ext4, reiserfs and jfs.
All the file systems use directories and subdirectories.
Windows separates directories with a back slash, Linux uses a normal forward slash.
Windows file names are not case sensitive.
Case sensitivity has been a problem for this very web page, the name of which is ' Linux.
At times, people have tried to get to this page using ' linux.
Eventually, I created a new web page with the name in all lower case and this new page simply re-directs you to the real page, the one you are reading now with a capital L and W.
Fragmentation: Added January 2008 Windows file systems all suffer from fragmentation, which results in a file being scattered all over the hard disk.
I'm told that Linux file systems are much less prone to this, but I don't know the details and whether it applies to all or some of the Linux file systems.
Speaking of fragmentation, I've heard very good things about for Windows.
It is no longer being maintained.
On its own, Windows can not read partitions formatted with any Linux file system.
File Hierarchy: Windows and Linux use different concepts for their file hierarchy.
Windows uses a volume-based file hierarchy, Linux uses a unified scheme.
Windows uses letters of the alphabet to represent different devices and different hard disk partitions.
Under Windows, you need to know what volume C:, D:.
The root directory lives in the root partition, but other directories and the devices they represent can reside anywhere.
Removable devices and hard disk partitions other than the root are attached i.
This is done either at system initialization or in response to a mount command.
There are no standards in Linux for which subdirectories are used for which devices.
This contrasts with Windows where the A disk is always the floppy drive and the C disk is almost always the boot partition.
Hidden Files: Both support the concept of hidden files, which are files that, by default, are not shown to the user when listing files in a directory.
Linux implements this with a filename that starts with a period.
Windows tracks this as a file attribute in the file metadata along with things like the last update date.
Case: Case sensitivity is the same with commands as with file names.
Modems To save money, many internal modems do not include their own processor, instead they rely on the main cpu in the computer for their processing needs.
These cheap modems are referred to as 'winmodems' because they typically include low level calls to the Windows operating system that can not be replicated in Linux.
For the most part, winmodems will not work under Linux.
The lastest scripting engine from Microsoft is originally called Monad.
The first release excluding Betas was November 2006.
Updated May 2007 Linux, like all Unix variants, provides multiple scripting languages, referred to as shell scripts.
Among them are the Bourne shell, the C shell, Perl, Python and Ruby.
I have used the first three, but not Python and Ruby.
They tend to use special characters instead of English commands and don't support objects this only matters to programmers.
It always has to be installed under Windows, it may have to be installed under Linux.
The issue I'm referring to is the main interface to the operating system.
With the introduction of PowerShell, Microsoft says it will adopt the Linux way, making the script inteface the main one.
This should mean that anything and everything can be scripted.
Printer Drivers Every computer printer ships with drivers for last last few versions of Windows at the time it was manufactured.
Running the printer on a very old or too new version of Windows may or may not work.
Still, this a far better situation than with Linux which does not support as many printers as Windows.
In an environment with many Linux users, shared network printers a tech support staff, this should not be an issue as you can limit yourself to well supported printers.
Home users of Linux however, will no doubt suffer from the relatively poor support for printers.
Stephen Manes in Forbes magazine October 2002 that 'Linux printer drivers tend to handle the simplest of printing functions and leave out the rest'.
Help Stephen Manes in Forbes magazine October 28, 2002 that Linux ' Help screens often omit everything but the most rudimentary information and the most arcane.
In Linux it is often done by appending -help or -h to the command.
Owing to it's command line history, Linux also offers help via the man short for manual and info commands.
The man documentation for the ls command, for example, is referred to as the man page for ls.
From the Linux command line you can search the man database with 'man -k somestring' which produces a list of manual pages containing 'somestring'.
I'm told that the Windows help is better for newcomers nerds hate writing documentation, especially on an introductory level, and Linux is done by volunteers.
User Data Windows allows programs to store user information files and settings anywhere.
This makes it impossibly hard to backup user data files and settings and to switch to a new computer.
In contrast, Linux stores all user data in the home directory making it much easier to migrate from an old computer to a new one.
If home directories are segregated in their own partition, you can even upgrade from one version of Linux to another without having to migrate user data and settings.
Shutting Down Both have to be told to shut down and for the same reason, to quiesce in-flight activity in an orderly manner.
You shut down Windows thru the Start button, then select Shutdown.
Linux can also be shut down from a command prompt using the shutdown command which can either shut the system down immediately or be told to shut it down at some time in the future.
I find this annoying, because its an excellent time to schedule backups.
Linux can schedule programs to run automatically at shutdown time.
I haven't tried this but a quick glance at makes it seem complicated.
I'm told to follow the instructions in this article but replace runlevel 5 with runlevel zero, which represents shutdown time.
Odds and Ends Both Windows and Linux have desktop shortcuts to applications.
Linux even has the equivalent of the quick launch toolbar, a favorite feature of mine.
In Ubuntu, add a shortcut to the panel at the top of the screen with: right-click an empty area of the panel, choose Add to Panel, select the program you want to add, click the Add button.
With more and more of us doing our work on laptops, netbooks, and the like, getting the most out of battery life is becoming increasingly important.
To really get the most from a battery requires power-aware device drivers, power-aware applications and fine granular control over each component in a system.
Linux has miles to go before it can equal Macs or even Windows in this area.
I haven't used Linux enough to form my own an opinion on this from the Linux side, so I present the opinions of others.
In Windows, while each program has its own custom built installation procedure they very often follow the same pattern.
In Linux, each program is installed in a standard way, but there are way too many standards.
The software that installs everything in Linux is called a package manager.
There are way too many package managers.
Ubuntu Linux, for example, has three.
What's the difference between them?
These different files all have a different method of execution.
Yet, that new Linux users will be thrown for a loop when they first try to install software.
In February 2009 he said 'When we live with any technology, we start taking for granted knowledge that we have that's a foreign language to others.
So, while package manager programs.
Jack Wallen is a Linux enthusiast who wrote in September 2008: 'With Linux you have with nearly every distribution a centralized location where you can search for, add or remove software.
I'm talking about package management systems, such as Synaptic.
With Synaptic, you can open up one tool, search for an application or group of applicationsand install that application without having to do any web searching or purchasing.
Windows has nothing like this.
With Windows, you must know where to find the software you want to install.
For many years, it was thought that installing applications on Windows was far easier than on Linux.
And for many years, that thought was right on target.
Installation under Linux is simple, painless and centralized.
In July 2008 he wrote about this:.
An interesting point was the ability to 'Run Internet Explorer 5.
Other points included the fact that most updates don't require a re-boot, Linux has a lesser need for anti-malware software and the ability to take 'settings' with you when traveling.
For example, with portable applications, Windows users can carry entire applications with them with traveling.
He also brags that Linux users can understand everything going on inside their computer, but, he doesn't offer software for doing this.
Windows users have the excellent Process Explorer program which shows tons of information about what's going on under the hood.
Process Explorer is a great program.
Finally, some items on his list strike me as un-important.
March 10, 2008: Here's another Linux only thing, the ability to keep an application's window on top of other windows.
From : 'A nice feature of Ubuntu that Windows lacks unless you tweak the Registry or download a separate always-on-top utility is the ability to keep a window on top of all others.
Just right-click the bar along the top of the window, and select Always on Top from the drop-down menu.
I mention this because many people find the Vista experience stinks.
It is expensive, buggy, slow and suffers from both hardware and software incompatibilities.
There seems to be a growing backlash against Vista, which is changing this topic of choosing Linux vs.
Microsoft could not have been happy.
In May 2007 Dell announced they would start to offer consumer machines with Ubuntu Linux vesion 7.
You have to wonder if Vista is driving people to Linux.
Oh, and April 18, 2007.
Martin Ultima, the person behind the distribution, on desktop computers.
Dvorak predicted a bright future for Linux.
To date the only organizations that I've heard about using hundreds or thousands of Linux based computers are government agencies in countries all over the world.
Some countries also may not like being beholden to a U.
See from The Economist April 20, 2004 on cfo.
Is Microsoft finally about to face real competition in desktop-computer software?
This article raises a point I agree with.
In addition, the upcoming version of Windows is likely to be expensive and require new hardware, two other areas where Linux competes well.
It may also involve too many changes.
By the time it's delivered, more and more Linux distributions will look more like Windows, just as Microsoft rolls out a new user interface.
However, Microsoft fights the spread of Linux at all costs.
For example, when Thailand was going to make government subsidized Linux based computers available throughout the country, Microsoft cut a deal with the Thai Information, Communication and Technology Ministry.
Then again, the governments of China, Japan and South Korea are teaming up to create their own Asian flavor of Linux.
My 2 Cents The above are facts, to the best of my knowledge, not opinion.
Will Linux spread to the point of becoming a serious competitor to Windows on the desktop?
And this has nothing to do with which is better, no matter how you judge 'better'.
Consider the keyboard in front of you.
The key arrangement was made long ago when keeping the metal wires connected to the keys from hitting each other was the big consideration.
Now that that no longer applies, does anybody switch over to a keyboard with a better design?
All of us who know how to type, are used to the current arrangement of keys.
Switching to a new layout would be a major disruption and thus have to pay back in a major way.
I don't think desktop versions of Linux will pay back enough to encourage people to switch.
My Linux experience is not extensive, but coming to it with a Windows background, as most people will, it is often frustrating to figure out how to do ordinary everyday things.
So too are call centers and other single-use environments where Linux makes a lot of sense.
An on Lindows, including comments on Wine, by Fred Langa in Information Week, December 2002.
July 14th, 2002 April 23, 2003.
Outlook 2000 and Access 2000 are supported under Linux.
For basic file and print serving, Windows is plug-and-play, meaning less time spent tweaking configurations.
The author says that Linux servers take longer to configure and troubleshoot than Windows servers but notes that once this is done, Linux requires significantly less troubleshooting than Windows.
However, this only applies to standard Linux installations.
Any modifications though, and you are own your own.
As to security, the author says that only someone smart, and therefore expensive, can manage Linux security.
In contrast, Windows 2000 automatic security updates can be overseen by anyone.
Often Windows security patches cause something else to drop dead, a huge waste of time, effort and expense.
The author has almost never seen this happen with Linux.
However, its growth is being held back by a lack of well-established applications.
Despite the fact that there are Linux programs that compete reasonably well with Microsoft Office and Outlook, the article quotes someone as saying that companies often prefer to go with the most popular software.
The fuzzy situation with technical support when running Microsoft Office directly under Linux via Crossover Office is also considered a hindrance.
On the other hand, major Linux vendors are just starting to pay attention to the desktop market.
The rise of Linux is dividing the computer industry into winners and losers.
Linux is changing the dynamics of the computer business.
Some of the industry's titans benefit from its advance, while others lose.
June 17,2003 by Lisa DiCarlo, Forbes magazine.
Michael Miller said ' The complexity of Linux has kept people away, but that's all changing.
Many current distributions look a lot like Windows'.
Much of it is for techies, but it includes By Tom Yager in InfoWorld January 23, 2004.
About running Windows applications on Linux and vice versa.
Many articles about making the two Operating Systems work together.
About the selling of Linux.
How cheap does it need to be to compete with Windows?
Still another way to run Windows programs under Linux?
It's called David from a company called SpecOps.
Too early to tell if this is real or a hoax.
David is not a Virtual Machine product, it is 'system service'.
Install David, and then install your Windows applications or so they say.
April 25, 2004 By Erwin Lemuel G.
Included is that it can run under Linux.
October 27, 2004 from SiteMount a web site hosting company.
Last modified December 1, 2005.
LaCie sells two Globe Trotter external hard disks with Mandriva 2005 pre-installed.
The drives are bootable, so you can turn any computer into your computer.
It is also designed to closely mimic the look and feel of Windows.
Also included is CrossOver Office from CodeWeavers to let you run some Windows applications under Linux.
It can even import some settings and data from Windows using Versora's Progression Desktop.
One person's experience with switching from Windows to Linux Ubuntu in particular.
Five reasons why Linux on a laptop computer makes no sense.
He also wrote on September 17, 2008.
Two guides to switching at Ubuntu.

Using Boot Camp to install Windows 7 on your Mac: The Complete Walkthrough by Ross McKillop on January 15, 2009 Somewhat similar to the walkthrough and now thethis tutorial will take you every step of the way through installing Microsoft Windows mac os x drivers for windows 7 on your Intel Mac running 10.
Having a book handy will also help kill time during the partitioning, installing etc.
First thing — close absolutely every open program you can.
That includes those things running in the Apple Menu that you always forget about.
It provides all mac os x drivers for windows 7 troubleshooting info you need to resolve partitioning issues.
Then select the Drive options advanced link.
The rest of the Windows 7 installation process is very straight forward.
WiFi will work immediately no drivers to install so connect to the Internet.
Windows 7 will then begin to download updates, including the proper video card driver.
Let it do its thing.
When prompted, select Run setup.
To do so, just follow the few steps in.
When your Mac boots, hold down the Option key to select which Operating System you want to boot into.
After several attempts I concluded that it was going to be possible with my generation of iMac the one before the current gen.
I deal with a similar problem.
Strangely it was working fine before I inserted the Leopard Disk 1 and ran the driver update.
Partitioning in particular can give you a ton of errors, and takes forever if something is wrong.
I wonder what could be causing this.
Maybe try deleting the bluetooth driver and having it revert to the default?
I have left it there for 10 minutes but nothing seems to happen.
This is the first reboot after step 8.
No reformatting, rebooting, etc is necessary.
I was not able to get a definitive nswer anywhere.
Click Continue at the first screen.
I have left it there for 10 minutes but nothing seems to happen.
This is the first reboot after step 8.
I have the the following: Model Name: iMac Model Identifier: mac os x drivers for windows 7 Processor Name: Intel Core 2 Duo Processor Speed: 2.
Has anyone been able to get it to work and if so, how?
I installed the necessary drivers from the mac os x disc and for some reason there is no audio output from the internal speakers.
Can anyone please help me?
After install, mine was around 10G.
I saved 2G by turning off hibernation.
The solution was to download and install the latest RealTek driver 2.
Please note that the vendors site is very slow so the download may take a while.
After installing this the sounds starting working for me right away.
I tried again……It was the same disk that failed initially but suddenly it started working.
No idea why the problem would occur.
The only problem was the sound which you can see in my previous post that I have solved.
Windows 7 is one suave looking operating system and for a beta release it works very well.
I installed W7 in Parallels 4 without Bootcamp and it seems to work just fine.
My macbook is the 1.
The 32 bit works fine for me.
I received the same error as above.
I tried some of the solutions on other sites,such as reburning the dvd,but no go.
I can see that the R2.
I had the exact same problem on 32bit but installing this driver solved my problem.
Link is you need to click High Definition Audio Codecs and then Accept.
I downloaded the Executable version.
Can I burn the iso from my Air via the Superdrive?
Got the external drive from my Fujitsu Lifebook to both recognize the disc and be recognized by the MacBook Air.
Downloading the Realtek driver did the trick for me.
However i still need the drivers for iSight, Bluetooth, and touchpad.
Sound worked for me right out of the box with Windows 7 build 7000 and so did Bluetooth and WiFi.
I only have trouble getting iSight to work.
Downloaded the Realtek driver and the sound worked.
Thought abot trying it, but want to see if anyone else has had experience with it.
Thanks to everyone for all the great support.
Bluetooth, however, works just fine, even before the Boot Camp driver installation.
The file extesion is still.
Am I missing a step?
Fixed things for me: I had to right click on the device when it was found in bluetooth sync part, and then there is an option for Human Control Devices.
Mice, Keyboards etc… I ticked that box and afterwards Windows 7 installed the Apple Keyboard and everything was hunky dory.
On the left side top panel, you see the disk drives on the system.
Directly below you should have a list of.
If the file you want to burn is not listed, click on the Burn icon at the top and find the file.
If you use the Burn icon at the top, just find and select the file and click Burn.
Insert a blank disk and you should be good to go.
I got it to work though.
Apparently you need to burn through the utility.
Is there anyway to get the tap click to work on Windows?
Verify that you have sufficient privileges to start system services.
I will report back shortly.
I have installed W7 on my macbook alu.
Anyone else have this problem and have fixed it?
Any Help would be greatly appreciated!
Solved a lot of my probs.
Any help would be great, thanks!
When I try to run setup.
I did an upgrade of Vista 64 bit within the bootcamp partition and the first thing that happens is a compatiblility check.
A couple of things were noted.
Kaspersky 7 can not be on the system and needed to be removed before the upgrade would start.
Windows Mail would not work.
I removed Kaspersky and tried again, getting the later 2 warnings again.
This time the installation went ahead.
It took a couple of hours to upgrade and move all the files.
Keyboard, Mouse, Memory sticks, etc.
There were no drivers on the web to correct this problem.
The following issues are preventing Windows from upgrading.
Cancel the upgrade, complete each task, and then restart the upgrade to continue.
For these items, make the following changes: Uninstall these programs.
Please confirm if anyone is experiencing the same problem.
My second install and mistake was trying a clean install from Boot Camp.
Reading on another site, the way I needed to install Win7 was from within Vista but selecting a custom Clean install.
I loaded the Boot Camp 64bit drivers 2.
All devices except the Realtek Audio worked.
To fix the No Sound problem I headed over to Guru3d.
That worked like a charm.
All is good, good luck to those still searching.
I must be doing it wrong.
I got the same results whether I left the files on the disk, or if i copied to the hard drive.
Another error which has come up, which is slightly annoying, is that now whenever I switch back to the mac, the clock gets set 5 hours earlier than it should be.
The only thing I needed to do was download the RealTek.
I downloaded the Win 7 file and sucessfully installed it.
Due to other issues, I had to delete it and now cannot get it going again.
I do select the Custom installation as I did the first time I installed it.
The partition went fine, and I have updated my system to the most recent updates.
Any help as mac os x drivers for windows 7 how I might be able to get it working would be appreciated.
So i cant run setup.
I tried downloading the correct drivers, running the setup program says no hardware foundthen applying the drivers directly on the device manager to no avail.
I have burned the iso file called 7000.
I am up and running Win7 beta.
My grandmother gave it to me and I do not have a Mac install disk for it, nor can I afford to purchase one.
Use the program InstEd www.
Copy the whole directory tree from the Leopard installation disk BootCamp drivers to the harddisk and replace the original BootCamp.
Open the preferences menu of the file and activate the vista compatibility mode.
Note: A sound driver error will occure during installation.
Everything will work fine after installation.
Run the Apple Software Update and update the touchpad driver.
Activate the right click option with 2 fingers in the bootcamp control panel.
Note: It will only work with 3 fingers when you activate the 2 finger right click option.
Without the 2 finger right click option enabled the right click is not working at all.
Activate Aero effects by running the speed test in the vista control panel.
Known issues: Sound effects are not entirely pure and clear!
Maybe there is a better driver available directly from the manufacturer of the soundcard.
I hope this little step-by-step guide helps!
My problem is that there is no option in the Boot Camp control panel to turn on the multi touch features.
Any clues on what went wrong?
There ist just the option to emulate the right click.
To get the drivers for the MultiTouch trackpad working, install them as mentioned above and update them via the Apple Software Updater.
Other things are not supported as far as I know.
Besides I have to say that any version of Windows works best on the MacBook with an external mouse.
Does anybody have better experiences?
Notice the sold blue scroll bars and the new stacks view beside the settings icon in the finder window.
After that run the Apple Software Updater again and update the drivers for the MultiTouch trackpad.
Restart your Mac and now you should have the tab in the preferences.
This should work … if not … hmm ….
Not able to connect my apple bluetooth mouse or keyboard.
Anyone seen any solutions to this?
I needed run the Apple64 setup program, which is buried in the Apple folder on the disc.
It gave me a warning about compatibility, which I ignored, and then I downloaded and installed the boot camp 2.
That gave me working sound, iSight, ir remote, and hardware other goodies like keyboard and mouse drivers.
After than Win7 starts up rather quickly.
Has anyone managed to solve the slow boot time problem?
Mice, Keyboards etc… I ticked that box and afterwards Windows 7 installed the Apple Keyboard and everything was hunky dory.
People that end up with a.
Put your blank disk in, select it in the Disk Utility, then click the burn icon.
An error came up when i run setup.
It will help you to install all necessary things in windows 7.
I have had no luck getting the keyboard to work correctly.
No eject and no fn key.
Has anyone else had this problem and solved it??
It may have fixed the audio problem you warned about.
Where are these drivers coming from my Sys.
If they are coming from the original Sys.
When I try to install the BootCamp driver disc, it quits the installer with the error code 2229.
Anybody know, how to solve this?
I recentley installed Windows 7 using bootcamp.
I am currently on my windows os and need to switch back to Mac os.
My wireless ketboard is disconnected and it wont let me click options in boot up to go baack to mac os.
I have connected a usb keyboard and mouse and it has the same problem but i am able to use it on my windows login.
The bootcamp wont run on my windows since its a 64 bit.
I used to have no sound but installed the RealTek drivers and all is fine there.
I installed the Apple update for the trackpad in Bootcamp, still no right click ability.
Namely I get a black screen, completely blank when I try to boot into Windows.
I installed 7 fine, no problems, however, when i put my Leopard install disk in, nothing happens.
I go to my comp, and check there, click the cd, and its blank.
No error, nothing, just blank.
Tried to boot Win7 in safe mode would not complete the install.
From here I was able to run Win7 in low resolution but at least internet worked.
Then I tried Vista 169.
Anyone else with any thoughts on Nvidia drivers?
Anyone know why it happens as described above when I try to install?
If so, have you come up with a solution for this one?
My computer a early 2009 Mac Book Pro.
The only way I can get the disc out of the drive is to reboot and press the eject button at the after the chimes.
What do I have to do to get to step 9?
I got my install disc out.
I have a MacBook purchased last October.
I also had my Time Machine backup.
Things seem to work great!
Glad anyone could help or point me in the right direction.
The only option I have then is to erase the whole disk.
And of course Disk Utility will not recombine the two partitions.
Any clues please on how to get the space back and start over?
None of my games within Steam want to load either.
Or do none of you game on a mac?
The Windows 7, 64 bitis really fast and neat.
I am trying to get it installed on my new MacBook Pro 17 with Bootcamp.
Yet it is there setup.
The disc spins a bit and than… nothing.
I tried it over 10 times now, and it still doesnt work.
So I thought, maybe my fresh burned Windows 7 copy would do the trick, but this one doesnt even make into the install process.
Am I doing something wrong, or are my Windows discs just screwed?
Has anyone out there got a solution to our problems?
Instead of partitioning my Mac Drives?
I am providing this guide because I spent literally days fixing various problems most related to bad drivers.
If I can save you the Nightmare I had it will be worth my time to write this guide for you!
It would be nice if the Apple cared a bit more about the Windows people they are trying to win over but anyway we are greatful for Boot Camp even if it is as buggy as hell.
Suddenly it no longer worked!
Install Boot Camp version 2.
After Installation update the following drivers to these versions or newer : Broadcom 802.
Problems Fixed By Doing These Updates ————————————— Bootcamp KbdMgr.
If it drops then this work around applies to you.
Open the Boot Camp directory in your Program Files directory.
Create a shortcut to the new name from from your desktop.
Wireless Problems —————— The Broadcom 802.
The driver that causes this problem is version 4.
Music or sound stutters or slows on playback.
The driver that causes this problem is version 4.
Apple Touch Pad Problems ————————- The drivers supplied on the Boot Camp disc from Apple work but do not install correctly for some unknown reason but the drivers do work once you get them installed.
The driver install files are : AppleMultiTouchTrackPad.
Adjust the wheel scrolling speed to one line at a time under mouse properties in the control panel.
However if you are still having problems you can try the General Driver Installation Tips.
If not try and fix them first.
I had a Logitech Mouse driver that was not working and suddenly when I fixed that at least half my Apple drivers started working.
There was probably a resource conflict or some other relationship between the Logitech driver and the Apple Drivers.
This is very useful when nothing you seem to do works.
Sometimes you must physically delete the old driver file so that windows will correctly install the new one.
We have manage to create a big enough partition for W7 via Boot Camp, but it does not want to read the exe file to start the W7 installation.
It shows the files on the disk, but if you click the file, nothing happens.
After you confirm you did that, it will reboot the machine and your instillation process will begin.
All the drivers installed in a few moments!
Try and see if it works, folks.
It works on my Macbook Late 2008.
Great stuff keep it up!!!!!!!
What am I doing wrong?
What version of bootcamp am I supposed to have?
What exactly did you burn onto your disk?
Sound works right off the bet.
Did an exhaustive google search.
Found the same discussion on Apple site.
I got Windows 7 installed just fine on my Macbook Pro.
Using Boot Camp — Go through the process — it instals to a point where I get a black screen with choices to restart in safe mode etc.
Have not yet been asked for magic numbers Can not get past this window to finish installation.
Its just like being back in my old Windows 3.
I want to install windows 7 64 bit to make use of my 4 gigs ram.
Could i boot from the cd and install from there?
Or would I have to these steps to repartition and such?
I was able to obtain windows 7 via download, so I do not posses a disk.
When it rebooted the screen said that it was starting Windows then the screen went blank, so I can not finish installing.
Does anyone have some thoughts.
The superdrive spins up for a bit and the mouse pointer spins, the superdrive slows down as if its stop spinning and the mouse pointer continues to spin as if it is doing something.
I waited for some time and nothing changes.
I called Apple support and they said it wont install because the update for bootcamp hasnt came out yet to support windows 7.
That i would have to wait some time untill the end of the year to get it.
I dont understand how they have all these how to install windows 7 and all these forums of people installing windows 7 via bootcamp, when Apple is saying its impossible.
Sound is not workingvery very slow.
But I can here voice through hard phone looks like problem with driver, I didnot find any driver in site.
A mouse will show up on screen.
Follow these instructions and everything should work.
I have the same problem.
When it rebooted the screen said that it was starting Windows then the screen went blank, so I can not finish installing.
Does anyone have some thoughts.
I did run into a slight hick-up where the screen went black after step 12.
Steps to do so are here: Cheers!
The only thing I noticed was the first few times I rebooted the system came back up in Windows 7.
If I hold down the Option key at boot up I get the disk option start up window and can choose Windows 7 a minor inconvenience unless i forget to hold down the key.
I was just wondering why it worked for a while and then stopped working.
Guess I will have to live with it since it is running so nice.
Just hope it is not the beginning of possible problems down the road.
Anyone else experiencing the same issue?
Please anyone help me johniesilver hotmail.
Windows 7 installed successfully and I have also installed the boot camp and it runs smoothly.
However, the wifi disappear and not even in the device manager, can you advise how can I get back my wifi?
Save it as an application and put it in your dock.
It is telling me to insert the windows 7 disc and once i click start installation it restarts the computer but screen goes blank with a courser blinking ….
Anyone know of a way to get it to work?
Is there another way I can install the sound drivers without the leopard disc?
I guess an Updated Boot Camp will cure some of these issues.
I installed windows 7 ultimate on my new unbody white macbook, everything works fine, except the wireless, no wireless is picked up, any ideas, ive tried drives but nothing has worked, please help!!!!!!
Thank you for a thoroughly accurate walkthorugh.
Installed like a charm with no problems.
I also had to provoke Windows to get updates.
Thanks for the write up!
This helped me a lot and I installed windows 7 ultimate on my new macbook pro perfectly, without any problems and almost in half the time which was told above.
Great for playing games, runs most valve games flawlessly, fallout 3 looks gorgeous on it, and i was even able to play crysis!
I ve installed windows 7 and it worked.
My Mac Pro is rebooting only to Windows.
It has a wireless Apple keyboard which windows is not recognizing.
Now, either y keyboard should be identified by Winodws after the boot up, or I have to get my Mac after a reboot.
Follow the url to get it.
This is very help full to the mac users who ever stuck with some driver issue….
Everything went well, except 2 problems: 1 Same as many people from what I see here above: no wifi available once windows7 install is completed.
It seems the hardware was not installed.
I had also a error on the network controller, that windows7 was not able to fix.
I switched off the computer, it started and installation resumed exactly where It was stuck before.
I am using windows7 for more than 4 hours, installed several updates, softwares.
Made several reboots, everything is working perfectly… so far.
Just to let you know… Configuration: macbook late2009 version.
Would really like to know….
Other than that though, everything seems ok.
What can I do, if my win7 fold up?
Thank you, I really wish some Apple fellows werw like you.
Everytrhing went fine during install, Windows 7 is working fine, but I have one small issue.
I did some research, but, although the problem is prevalent, no one has a good answer.
Can anyone here help me?
I only have 1 problem — when i adjust the screen resolution it shrinks the usable area instead of making everything look pixelated and stuff.
How do i solve this?
Is it a graphics card thing?
Windows says my graphics card drivers are installed correctly but i dont know if its correct or if i have to manually choose the correct driver please help!!
My initial suggestion is to re-install the graphics drivers that come with bootcamp 3.
First, I tried to install the 64-bit Windows 7.
This walk through should mention that you should only try the 32-bit version of Windows 7 when you install.
Until I can get ahold of someone from Microsoft support I am screwed.
Everything but the included bluetooth keyboard and mouse work.
Luckily I have a few wired keyboards and a wired mouse spare but I still for the life of me cant get the normal bluetooth keyboard and mouse up and running.
They show up on the bluetooth device finder as well.
The thing is, I am able to perform all the mentioned step untill no.
I had a nice easy install and I am not an overly technical person.
When I was done the audio on Windows did not work at all.
I found this link and Voula!
Now I have the option to switch back and forth.
Why waste the money I have spent on the Windows program?
Got to say its great being able to run the 2 operating systems together.
Keep up the good work, thumbs up.
It failed the first time as the mouse would not work but I had a spare mouse and plugged it in and was able to click accept the rules and regulations and the process went as described.
Great help and the only thing that does not work is the MacIntosh Miracle mouse.
All other drivers work great and I actually prefer the wireless Microsoft Mouse I used to get Windows to work better than the Magic Mouse but I do have a TrackPad I much prefer for the MacIntosh side of the partition.
Anyone know why this could be?
Restore your information to the disk and try using Boot Camp Assistant again.
I am halfway there and seems to be going fine.
It is the best walkthrough I have ever had to use for something that is actually quite tricky.
Keep up the good work!
Now that I got the sonund when running windows on my mac, I have somehow lost sound when I switch back to the Mac Partician… What that about?
Please eject the disk, restart, and continue from there.
But experienced a few caveats.
My advices are: -Use a Windows 7 32 bit installation dvd.
The 32 bit win7 worked fine.
Recreated the image by making an iso from the dvd, then reburning that iso to a new dvd with ImgBurn on another Windows machine and voila.
Followed steps exactly as you laid out and was done in about 1 hour.
Very glad I found this.
After five hours I am tird and ready to give up.
And it is maybe why!
But I have found Parallels to be a much easier solution, and a superior one too.
There is no need to dual boot.
Also, wired and WiFi work, sound works, printers work, et cetera, right out of the box.
Very easy step by step documentation… since I was new to Apple Mac.
I struggled to get the windows 7 dvd ejected out of system… after some search found that holding two fingers on trackpad while reboot will eject the dvd out.
Can I get that setup.
What must be the problem?
Apple will not help as well a microsoft.
Does anyone have a fix for this issue.
Problem solved and Windows 7 will be properly installed.
The Tutorial seems to be based on installing Win7 home or something.
So I only had a gig left.
So ultimate takes up a lot more space.
I had to delete the partition and start again.
Time consuming, but atleast once you do it you realize how easy it is.
I really need help on how to connect to the internet.
I have left it there for 10 minutes but nothing seems to happen.
Very important to Section 12 of your instructions for many users: If the expanding files percent counter remains on zero percent 0% please wait up to 10 minutes to 1%.
The process of expanding to 1% takes a while.
Thanks for your efforts and detailed info.
As per your screenshots we can see that the Aero style graphics are not being enabled even after drivers installation.
Could you please provide some inputs on this.
Whether installing windows 7 via Bootcamp supports Aero Style features or not.?

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